What are Brake Pads?
Brake pads convert the kinetic energy of the car to thermal energy by use of friction. When a brake pad is heated up in contact with a rotor, it starts to transfer small amounts of friction material to the rotor. The pad and rotor will then 'stick' to each other to provide stopping power. The friction of the pad against the rotor is responsible for the majority of stopping power.
How do Brake Pads Work?
Brake pads are positioned inside the brake caliper opening, such that one pad applies pressure to the outer surface of the brake rotor and the other pad to the inner surface of the brake rotor. When the vehicle operator applies pressure to the brake pedal, hydraulic fluid is placed under pressure and transfers energy to the brake calipers. Blake fluid under pressure pushes the caliper pistons outward, moving the brake pads into contact with the rotor surfaces. Brake pad contact with the rotor causes friction, which transforms energy to perform braking action and reduce the vehicle speed.
How are Brake Pads Made?
Brake pads generally utilize a variety of organic and metallic materials to form the friction material. These are combined with a binder material that keeps the friction from shedding or breaking under pressure and heat. The friction material is bonded to a backing plate. The backing plate forms the guides for the brake pads to precisely fit into the caliper brackets as well as the contact surface for the caliper pistons. Shims are frequently fitted to the backing plates to prevent brake pad noise. Wear clips are frequently fitted to the backing plates to alert the vehicle operator when the remaining friction material has become very thin and the brake pads will soon need to be replaced.
Why do Brake Pads Fail?
- Normal wear and tear from friction
What are Symptoms of Brake Pad Failure?
- Reduced braking efficiency
- Loud grinding noise
What are Consequences of Brake Pad Failure?
- Damage to rotor or other parts
- Slow brake response